| 短语 | break down |
| 释义 | break down 1. if a car or machine breaks down, it stops working停止运转，出故障:•The car broke down just north of Paris.汽车就在巴黎以北的地方抛锚了。•The printing machines are always breaking down.印刷机老是出故障。⇒BREAKDOWN2. to fail or stop working in a successful way失败:•Negotiations broke down after only two days.谈判只进行了两天就破裂了。•I left London when my marriage broke down.我婚姻破裂以后就离开了伦敦。⇒BREAKDOWN3. break sth ↔ down if you break down a door, you hit it so hard that it breaks and falls to the ground撞倒，打破，砸破〔门〕:•Police had to break down the door to get into the flat.警方只得把门撞开进入公寓里面。4. break sth ↔ down to change or remove something that prevents people from working together and having a successful relationship with each other消除，驱除〔人与人之间的隔阂等〕:•Getting young people together will help to break down the barriersbetween them.把年轻人聚集起来可以帮助他们消除彼此之间的隔阂。•It takes a long time to break down prejudices.消除偏见需要很长时间。5. if a substance breaks down or something breaks it down, it changes as a result of a chemical process（使）分解:break sth ↔ down•Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里分解。•Bacteria are added to help break down the sewage.下水道中加入细菌帮助分解污物。6. to be unable to stop yourself crying, especially in public〔尤指在公共场合〕禁不住哭出来:•He broke down and cried.他控制不住，哭了出来。•She broke down in tears when she heard the news.她听到这个消息禁不住泪流满面。7. break sth ↔ down to separate something into smaller parts so that it is easier to do or understand拆分〔某事物〕，把〔某事物〕分成若干部分〔以方便做或理解〕:•He showed us the whole dance, then broke it down so that we could learn it more easily.他给我们演示了整段舞蹈，然后拆分开来方便我们学习。•The question can be broken down into two parts.这个问题可以分为两个部分。⇒BREAKDOWN break down 1. (of a machine or motor vehicle) suddenly cease to function （机器或机动车辆）出故障; 抛锚： his van broke down. 他的货车抛锚了。 ■ (of a person) experience a sudden failure of function in the vehicle they are driving （人）突遇车辆抛锚： she broke down on the motorway. 她的车在高速公路上突然抛锚了。 ■ (of a relationship, agreement, or process) cease to continue; collapse （关系、协议、过程）决裂; 中断; 崩溃： pay negotiations with management broke down. 同资方的薪金谈判破裂了。 ■ lose control of one's emotions when in a state of distress （感情）失去控制： the old woman broke down in tears. 这位老妇人控制不住感情, 失声痛哭。 ■ (of a person's health or emotional control) fail or collapse （人的健康或情感）垮掉。 2. undergo chemical decomposition 化学分解： waste products which break down into low-level toxic materials. 分解成低毒物质的工业垃圾。 ˌbreak ˈdown1(of a machine or vehicle机器或车辆)to stop working because of a fault出故障；坏掉The telephone system has broken down.电话系统瘫痪了。We(= the car)broke down on the freeway.我们的车在高速公路上抛锚了。related nounbreakdown (1)2to fail失败Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判失败了。related nounbreakdown (2)3to become very bad被搞垮；垮掉Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她因工作压力身体垮掉了。see alsonervous breakdown4to lose control of your feelings and start crying情不自禁地哭起来He broke down and wept when he heard the news.听到这个消息，他不禁失声痛哭。5to divide into parts to be analysed划分（以便分析）Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages $10m, plant $4m, raw materials $5m.这项工程的支出费用分项列明如下：工资 1 000 万元，设备 400 万元，原料 500 万元。related nounbreakdown (3)language bank atillustratebreak down1. destroy; reduce sth. to pieces 毁掉；打破 * The police broke the door down. 警察破门而入。2. crush; defeat 镇压；制服 * They broke down all opposition. 他们压倒了所有的对手。3. stop functioning (generally of motors and similar mechanical objects) 坏了；出毛病（尤指发动机、机器等） * The car broke down on the way to the airport. 车子在去机场的路上抛锚了。 * The lift broke down, so we had to walk up the stairs. 电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。4. fail to carry out (plans, negotiations, etc.); come to nothing 失败（指无结果中断计划、谈判等）；坚持不下去 * The plan was good, but it broke down, because people were unwilling to cooperate. 计划是好的，但由于人们不愿合作，还是失败了。 * I expect the negotiations to break down soon. 我预料谈判不久就会中断。5. burst into tears; lose control 禁不住痛哭；（身体、精神）垮了 * When he heard his sentence, the man broke dewn. 听到判决，那人不禁号啕大哭。 * Your health will break down if you work too hard. 太劳累的话，你身体会垮的。 * He tried to cope with the everincreasing burden of his work, but finally he broke down and had to take a complete rest. 他设法应付日益加重的工作负担，但最后身体垮了，不得不全休。6. separate into parts; take apart; analyse 分解；分析 * Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解为氢和氧。 * I want you to break this data down. 我想请你分析一下这个资料。break down1.崩溃;瓦解：Owing to improper management and administration，that large enterprise has broken down. 由于不适当的经营管理，那家大企业已经垮台了。2.(身体、精神)衰弱：His health broke down because of overstraining，he had to recuperate in a sanatorium for some time. 他的身体由于过度操劳而衰弱，他必须去疗养院休养一个时期。3.(机器等)损坏;坏掉： Some instruments have broken down because people often use them improperly. 因为人们常常使用不当，有些仪器已经损坏。4.情绪失去控制(如突然痛哭等)：Mary broke down when she heard the bad news.玛丽听到这坏消息时，她突然痛哭起来。 |
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